Anti-dumping and Anti-subvention Proceedings
Invitations to tender are characterised by hard price competition. That is, in principle, in the interests of economic procurement. However, there are limits. Obviously low prices and strategies associated with “predatory pricing“ are restricted by procurement law and anti-trust law. Increasingly, anti-dumping and anti-subvention proceedings conducted with great determination by the EU Commission in the tendering markets, especially against imports from China, but also Russia, are additional restrictive features.